واکاوی چالش‌ها و راهکارهای آموزش خدمت‌محور در نظام آموزش عالی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

هدف: آموزش خدمت‌محور به‌عنوان رویکردی موثر در پیوند میان یادگیری دانشگاهی و نیازهای واقعی جامعه، در آموزش عالی اهمیت فزاینده‌ای یافته است؛ از این‌رو، پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی چالش‌ها و راهکارهای آموزش خدمت‌محور در نظام آموزش عالی انجام یافته است.
روش‌شناسی: این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی، از لحاظ رویکرد کیفی و به شیوه سنتز پژوهی شش مرحله‌ای روبرتس انجام شده است. جامعه آماری شامل اسناد و مقالات علمی معتبر داخلی و خارجی در زمینه یادگیری خدمت‌محور در بازه زمانی 2024-2000 بود که از طریق نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، 21 سند علمی برای تحلیل نهایی انتخاب شدند. معیار ورود اسناد، ارتباط با هدف پژوهش و اجرای آن در آموزش عالی و معیار خروج، ضعف اعتبار نشریه و عدم گزارش اطلاعات کافی بود. تحلیل داده‌ها با کد‌گذاری باز و محوری انجام شد. اعتبار یافته‌ها با نظر متخصصان تایید و پایایی با ضریب کاپای کوهن بررسی شد که میزان توافق عدد 74/0 به‌‌دست آمد.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها در قالب 18 مضمون فرعی و 5 مضمون اصلی شامل چالش‌های نهادی و سیاست‌گذاری؛ آموزشی و برنامه‌ریزی‌درسی؛ اجرایی-عملیاتی؛ فرهنگی، اجتماعی و ارتباطی؛ و فردی دسته‌بندی شدند. راهکارهای متناظر با چالش‌ها نیز در دسته مربوطه قرار گرفتند.
نتیجه‌گیری و پیشنهادها: چهارچوب ارائه شده در این پژوهش با شناسایی تمامی چالش‌ها و ارائه راهکارهای متناظر با هر کدام، اجرای اثربخش و پایدار آموزش خدمت‌‌محور را تضمین می‌کند؛ لذا پیشنهاد می‌شود به عنوان مبنایی معتبر مورد استفاده سیاست‌گذاران آموزشی و برنامه‌ریزان درسی در نظام آموزش عالی قرار گیرد.
نوآوری و اصالت: نوآوری این پژوهش گذار از تقلیل‌گرایی رایج ادبیات پیشین و ارائه چهارچوبی جامع و یکپارچه برای تبیین همزمان چالش‌ها و راهکارهای آموزش خدمت‌محور در سطوح کلان، میانه و خرد در نظام آموزش عالی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring the Challenges and Strategies of Service-Learning in Higher Education

نویسندگان [English]

  • davoud tahmasebzadeh sheikhlar 1
  • Ayda Mohammadi 2
1 Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Aim: The present study aimed to identify the challenges and strategies of service learning in higher education.
Methodology: This research was applied in nature, qualitative in approach, and conducted using Roberts' six-step synthesis method. The research population included all valid national and international studies about service-learning from 2000 to 2024. Through purposive sampling, 21 studies were selected for final analysis. Inclusion criteria were relevance to the research objectives and implementing in the context of higher education, while exclusion criteria included low journal credibility and insufficiently reported data. Data were analyzed using open and axial coding techniques. The validity of identified components was confirmed through expert review, and reliability was assessed using Cohen's Kappa coefficient, which indicated an agreement rate of 0/74. 
Results: The findings revealed five main themes of challenges: institutional and policy-level challenges, pedagogical and curriculum development challenges, operational and executive, cultural-social and communicative challenges and individual challenges.
Conclusions and suggestions: Overall, the findings revealed that institutionalizing of service-learning in higher education requires a holistic and gradual approach based on the active involvement of all stakeholders.
Innovation and originality: This study moves beyond prior reductionist approaches by employing a systematic qualitative synthesis to develop an integrated, multilevel framework of service-learning challenges and strategies. The framework informs policy, curriculum development, and implementation practice in higher education.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Service-Learning
  • Higher Education
  • Challenges
  • Strategies
  • Research Synthesis
  • Educational Planning
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