Abedi Jafari, H., Taslimi, M. S., Faghihi, A., & Sheikhzadeh, M. (2011). Thematic analysis and network of themes: A simple and efficient method for explaining existing patterns in qualitative data. Strategic Management Thought, 5(2). [in Persian]
Alqahtani, T., Badreldin, H. A., Alrashed, M., Alshaya, A. I., Alghamdi, S. S., Bin Saleh, K., & Albekairy, A. M. (2023). The emergent role of artificial intelligence, natural learning processing, and large language models in higher education and research.
Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 19(8), 1236–1242.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.05.016 (
CoLab).
Bailey, K. D. (1994). Methods of social research (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Free Press.
Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006), Using thematic analysis in psychology, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101.
Chen, X., Zou, D., Xie, H., Cheng, G., & Liu, C. (2022). Two decades of artificial intelligence in education: Contributors, collaborations, research topics, challenges, and future directions.
Educational Technology & Society, 25(1), 28–47.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11209-y (
ojs.amhinternational.com)
Chiu, T. K., Xia, Q., Zhou, X., Chai, C. S., & Cheng, M. (2023). Systematic literature review on opportunities, challenges, and future research recommendations of artificial intelligence in education.
Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, 100118.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100118 (
DergiPark)
Crompton, H., & Burke, D. (2023). Artificial intelligence in higher education: The state of the field.
International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 22.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00426-1
Dogan, M. E., Goru Dogan, T., & Bozkurt, A. (2023). The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in online learning and distance education processes: A systematic review of empirical studies.
Applied Sciences, 13(5), 3056.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app13053056
Donoso Vargas, D. J., & Gallardo Cornejo, A. M. (2024). Closing the gap: Application of AI and Bayesian statistics to traditional training in educational leadership.
European Public & Social Innovation Review, 9, 1–19.
https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-916
Farrelly, T., & Baker, N. (2023). Generative artificial intelligence: Implications and considerations for higher education practice.
Education Sciences, 13(11), 1109.
https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13111109
George, B., & Wooden, O. (2023). Managing the strategic transformation of higher education through artificial intelligence.
Administrative Sciences, 13(9), 196.
https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13090196
Hamdi Nasab, S., & Rahimi, S. (2024).
Barriers and challenges of implementing artificial intelligence in higher education system.
Educational Planning Studies, 13(26), 57–73.
https://doi.org/10.22080/eps.2025.28149.2295 [in Persian]
Imran, M., Almusharraf, N., Abdellatif, M. S., & Abbasova, M. Y. (2024). Artificial intelligence in higher education: Enhancing learning systems and transforming educational paradigms.
International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 18(18).
https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v18i18.???
Khajeh, H., & Ayati, M. (2025).
An analysis of the reductive and augmentative aspects of AI chatbots and their multiple applications in higher education: A post-phenomenological approach.
Educational Planning Studies, 14(27), 211–236.
https://doi.org/10.22080/eps.2025.29615.2355 [in Persian]
King, M. R., & ChatGPT. (2023). A conversation on artificial intelligence, chatbots, and plagiarism in higher education.
Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, 16(1), 1–2.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-023-00905-x
Kohnke, L., Moorhouse, B. L., & Zou, D. (2023). Exploring generative artificial intelligence preparedness among university language instructors: A case study.
Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence, 5, 100156.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100156
Malinka, K., Peresíni, M., Firc, A., Hujnák, O., & Janus, F. (2023, June). On the educational impact of ChatGPT: Is artificial intelligence ready to obtain a university degree? In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V (Vol. 1, pp. 47–53).
McGrath, C., Pargman, T. C., Juth, N., & Palmgren, P. J. (2023). University teachers’ perceptions of responsibility and artificial intelligence in higher education – An experimental philosophical study.
Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, 100139.
https://doi://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100139
Memarian, B., & Doleck, T. (2023). Fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics (FATE) in artificial intelligence (AI), and higher education: A systematic review.
Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence, 100152.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100152
O’Dea, X. C., & O’Dea, M. (2023). Is artificial intelligence really the next big thing in learning and teaching in higher education? A conceptual paper.
Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 20(5).
https://doi.org/10.53761/10.53761/jutlp.2023.20.5.???
Ocaña-Fernández, Y., Valenzuela-Fernández, L. A., & Garro-Aburto, L. L. (2019). Artificial intelligence and its implications in higher education.
Journal of Educational Psychology–Propósitos y Representaciones, 7(2), 553–568.
https://doi.org/10.20511/edus eurj v7n2-2019-1173
Ouyang, F., Zheng, L., & Jiao, P. (2022). Artificial intelligence in online higher education: A systematic review of empirical research from 2011 to 2020.
Education and Information Technologies, 27(6), 7893–7925.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11111-x
Saaida, M. B. (2023). AI-driven transformations in higher education: Opportunities and challenges.
International Journal of Educational Research and Studies, 5(1), 29–36.
https://doi.org/10.20000/ijers.2023.5.1.⁎
Sabzipour, A., Moghaddas, S., & Jadidi Mohammadabadi, A. (2025).
The role of artificial intelligence in predicting educational trends.
Educational Planning Studies, 14(27), 191–210.
https://doi.org/10.22080/eps.2025.28851.2331 [in Persian]
Sabzipour, A., Moghaddas, S., & Jadidi Mohammadabadi, A. (2025).
The role of artificial intelligence in predicting educational trends.
Educational Planning Studies, 14(27), 191–210.
https://doi.org/10.22080/eps.2025.28851.2331 [Duplicate entry – same as above] [in Persian]
Saki, S., Zeinabadi, H. R., Abbasian, H., & Abdollahi, B. (2025).
Faculty members’ perspectives on the use of artificial intelligence in teaching in Iran’s higher education system.
Educational Planning Studies, 14(27), 170–191.
https://doi.org/10.22080/eps.2025.28831.2330 [in Persian]
Shanto, S. S., Ahmed, Z., & Jony, A. I. (2023). PAIGE: A generative AI-based framework for promoting assignment integrity in higher education. STEM Education, 3(4), 288–305.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques (B. Mohammadi, Trans.). Tehran, Iran: Humanities and Cultural Studies Research Institute. [In Persian]
Talan, T., & Kalınkara, Y. (2023). The role of artificial intelligence in higher education: ChatGPT assessment for anatomy course.
Uluslararası Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri ve Bilgisayar Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 33–40.
https://doi.org/10.53761/10.53761/uybisim-2023.7.1.33
Wang, T., Lund, B. D., Marengo, A., Pagano, A., Mannuru, N. R., Teel, Z. A., & Pange, J. (2023). Exploring the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on international students in higher education: Generative AI, chatbots, analytics, and international student success. Applied Sciences, 13(11), 6716.
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education–Where are the educators?.
International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 1–27.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
)