ارزیابی وضعیت مهارت‌های اشتغال پذیری و روحیة کارآفرینی دانش‌آموزان رشته‌های نظری علوم انسانی، علوم تجربی و ریاضی- فیزیک از دیدگاه دانش‌آموزان و معلمان: یک پژوهش ترکیبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مطالعات برنامه درسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

2 استاد گروه علوم تربیتی دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ شیوه گردآوری داده‌ها ترکیبی از نوع اکتشافی متوالی (کیفی-کمّی) می‌باشد. ابتدا به منظور شناسایی مؤلفه‌های تشکیل‌دهندة مهارت‌های اشتغال‌پذیری مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با نمونه‌ای هدفمند متشکل از 10 نفر از اعضای هیأت علمی، اساتید روانشناسی تربیتی، مؤلفان کتب درسی مهارت محور و کارفرمایان به عمل آمد و نتایج حاصل با استفاده از روش کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت و در نهایت 56 شاخص به عنوان مؤلفه‌های اصلی مهارت‌های اشتغال‌پذیری شناسایی شد. سپس در بخش کمی به منظور ارزیابی توانمندی‌های اشتغال‌پذیری و روحیة کارآفرینی دانش‌آموزان از دیدگاه خودشان و همینطور معلمانشان، ابتدا پرسشنامه‌ای محقق ساخته حاصل یافته‌های بخش کیفی طراحی گشته و سپس به همراه پرسشنامة روحیة کارآفرینی، بر روی نمونه‌ای متشکل از 375 نفر از دانش‌آموزان دختر و پسر مقطع متوسطة دوم در رشته‌های نظری و 250 نفر از معلمان، در شهرستان آمل اجرا گردید. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که در ارزیابی از مهارت‌های اشتغال‌پذیری و روحیة کارآفرینی دانش‌آموزن از دیدگاه خودشان آنان از مهارت‌های قابل قبول و نسبتاً بالایی برخوردارند در حالی که ارزیابی معلمان نشان داد که در مهارت حل مسئله از توانمندی کافی برخوردار نیستند و در زمینه روحیة کارآفرینی نیز از روحیة عزت نفس، منبع نظارت درونی و ریسک‌پذیری در حد متوسط برخوردارند. همچنین مقایسة دانش‌آموزان سه رشتة تحصیلی در میزان بهره‌مندی آنان از مهارت‌های اشتغال‌پذیری حاکی از ضعف دانش‌آموزان رشتة ریاضی- فیزیک در مهارت کار گروهی و همینطور ضعف در روحیة انگیزة پیشرفت به عنوان یکی از ابعاد روحیة کارآفرینی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the status of employability and entrepreneurial skills of students in the theoretical fields of humanities, experimental sciences and mathematics-physics from the perspective of students and teachers: a combined study

نویسندگان [English]

  • Niloufar Moharrami 1
  • Ebrahim Salehi Omran 2
  • Mostafa Azizi Shomami 3
1 Master student of curriculum studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The present study is a combination of sequential (qualitative-quantitative) exploratory type in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection method. First, in order to identify the components of employability skills, semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposeful samples consisting of 10 faculty members, educational psychology professors, skill based textbook authors, and employers. The analysis was performed and finally 56 indicators were identified as the main components of employability skills. Then, in the quantitative section, in order to evaluate the employability and entrepreneurial abilities of students from their own point of view as well as their teachers, first a researcher-made questionnaire was designed and then along with the entrepreneurial spirit questionnaire, on a sample of 375 male and female students. The second-high school in theoretical fields and 250 teachers were conducted in Amol city. Findings indicate that in assessing the employability skills and entrepreneurial spirit of students from their own point of view, they have acceptable and relatively high skills, while the evaluation of teachers showed that they do not have sufficient ability in problem solving skills and in the field of entrepreneurial spirit. They have a spirit of self-esteem, a source of internal control and moderate risk-taking. Also, the comparison of students in three fields of study in the extent to which they benefit from employability skills indicates the weakness of mathematics-physics students in teamwork skills as well as weakness in the spirit of motivation for progress as one of the dimensions of entrepreneurial spirit.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Employability skills
  • Entrepreneurial spirit
  • Secondary high school
  • Theoretical disciplines

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 19 فروردین 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 خرداد 1401

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